J'ai trouvé three solutions. They all work offline, so you don't have to connect the WinXP system to a network (to reduce security risks).
A) Activating over the phone
Calling the current MS activation number for a product still in support (e.g. for activation for Win7) and choosing "Other Products" in the voice menu. This is my preferred one since you don't have to tamper with the system. In my case (Nov 2019) I followed the link to the Microsoft Licensing Activation Centers worldwide telephone numbers.
B) Disabling activation process
Deleting the value of the OOBETimer key (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/Software/Microsoft/Windows NT/CurrentVersion/WPAEvents/OOBETimer) and starting the activation via invite de commandes: msoobe /a. Cela va disable the activation requirement for good but might cause issues (although J'ain't found any yet) (source)
C) Create a phone confirmation ID yourself (3rd party tool)
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download Universal MS Key Toolkit (cliquez sur Assets et sélectionnez a version corresponding to your host machine or another computer)
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run umskt.exe (e.g., on your host machine or another computer) to generate a product key (skip if you already have one)
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select the phone activation method in the Windows XP activation wizard.
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copy the installation ID the wizard provides you
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run umskt -i <Installation ID> using the Installation ID
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copy the code that umskt just provided in response, and paste it into the Windows XP activation wizard.
Detailed instructions are given in the readme section of the tool on the GitHub site. This post also has more info.
Side note: The number J'ai utilisé for Germany was +49 89 2444 5093 (checked August 2023) but I would suggest looking at the list provided through the link since those numbers will be updated. US number +1 888-571-2048 is supposed to work aussi, but I didn't try it.
Side note 2: Here's a little note from the developer responsible for the Windows Product Activation on YouTube: Blame Me: The INSIDER Secrets of Windows Product Activation!
