I will answer the redémarrer vs shutdown start up part. Feel free to ask nouveau questions for what remains.
Windows 8 and up have a nouveau fonctionnalité called Hybrid shutdown. When you turn off the ordinateur, windows will close all programmes, log off the utilisateur, and ensuite puts the ordinateur in hibernation.
You turn the ordinateur on, the ordinateur comes out of hibernation, and you get vers le login écran. If there's just one utilisateur, the système automatiquement logs you in.
This basically makes it so that any pilote remains loaded du tout times, which significantly reduces startup time.
When you redémarrer a ordinateur, it en fait quits Windows, and all pilotes are unloaded too. The ordinateur goes vers le UEFI boot sequence too, ensuite loads all the pilotes and ensuite continues to start Windows.
So long story short, Windows ne en fait start up when you use hybrid shutdown and turn off and sur le ordinateur, but it does so when you redémarrer, or perform a normal shutdown (either turn off hybrid shutdown from Power Management, or hold shift while you perform the shutdown to do it once.)
