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Qu'est-ce que the servicing stack and how does it work?

ayi

In Windows, there's quelque chose called the servicing stack which seems to fulfill the role of a package manager. Je ne comprends pas it very well, seulement that it seems that Component-Based Servicing (CBS), Windows Installer, Windows Mise à jour, and WinSxS are part du servicing stack or are otherwise involved in servicing.

J'ai fait lots of research and have not been able to find an easy-to-understand overview on servicing in Windows. Hence, I'm asking the following:

Qu'est-ce que servicing and what does the servicing stack do?
How does the servicing stack work? What roles do CBS, Windows Installer, WinSxS, and Windows Mise à jour play?

ayi

1. Qu'est-ce que servicing and what does the servicing stack do?

Servicing is the name of configuring Windows updates or Windows fonctionnalités (l'installation, removing mises à jour/fonctionnalités). This can be done when Windows is running (Online) or against a not running Windows partition/or mounted WIM (offline):

Qu'est-ce que servicing? Servicing is the act of l'installation a role,
fonctionnalité, service pack or windows mise à jour against a Windows OS. Most of
the time servicing is done in an online state. In this case, online
means that the système d'exploitation is up and running when a change is
made. Online servicing is what most people do and is usually done via
Windows Mise à jour or double clicking a téléchargé mise à jour. Il y a également
an offline state. Offline, of course, means that the installation is
happening against a non-running version of Windows. Ceci est what a
lot of larger corporations and OEMs do avec their image fichiers, they
mount them avec IMAGEX or DISM and ensuite installer hotfixes or other
mises à jour against those images to reduce their patch time when the image
is rolled into production.

2. Qu'est-ce que CBS

CBS stands for component based servicing and was added in Windows Vista. In older Windows versions, the Setup was based on PH0 files to install features/Updates.

In Windows Vista, the nouveau componentization architecture, known as
Component-Based Servicing (CBS) changes the way that these components
are installé. The CBS architecture is far more robust and secure
than the installers in previous système d'exploitations. Users benefit from
a more complete and controlled installation processus thdu toutows
mises à jour, pilotes and optional components to be added while
simultaneously mitigating against instability problèmes caused by
improper or partial installation. CBS allows components and fonctionnalités
from IIS to Windows Media Player to be packaged as small modules that
encompass the full functionality du component. In other words,
each module contains all du fichiers, registry paramètres, and methods
required for a full installation or removal du component it
contains.

3. What roles do WinSxS play

This dossier was added in Windows XP, to have the ability to have 2 different DLL version instaleld side by side (sxs) on a système. Microsoft used this to allow the nouveau Theming support in WinXp, but encore keep the old système dlls to not break old Win95 applications. It was également used to corrigé the DLL hell. In Win95 you have the problème that a tool requires a special Windows DLL in version 4 and the next tool in version 4.10. Si vous installé the newer tool it may broke the old programme, si vous installé the older après the newer tool, the older a fonctionné but the newer tool crashes parce que the DLL ne support all required fonctionnalités.

Depuis Vista, the WinSxS dossier was contains all fichiers used by Windows and when you activate a fonctionnalité, the fichiers ne sont pas copied vers le destination in C:\Program Files, they are linked via a hardlink:

One du largest changes entre previous versions of Windows and
Windows Vista was a move from an INF described OS to componentization.
A component in Windows is one or more binaries, a catalog fichier, and an
XML fichier that describes tout about how the fichiers should be
installé. From associated registry clés and services to what kind
sécurité autorisations the fichiers should have. Components are grouped
into logical units, and these units are used to build the different
Windows editions.

All du components dans le système d'exploitation are found dans le WinSxS
dossier – in fact we call this locatisur le component store. Each
component has a unique name that includes the version, language, and
processor architecture that it was built for. The WinSxS dossier is
the seulement location that the component is found sur le système, all other
instances du fichiers that you see sur le système are “projected” by
hard linking depuis le component store. Let me repeat that last point
– il y a seulement one instance (or full data copy) of each version of
each fichier dans le OS, and that instance is located dans le WinSxS
dossier. So looked at from that perspective, the WinSxS dossier is
really the entirety du whole OS, referred to as a “flat” in
down-level système d'exploitations. This également comptes for why vous allez no
longer be prompted for media when running operations such as Système
Fichier Checker (SFC), or when l'installation additional fonctionnalités and roles.

4. What roles do Windows Installer play?

c'est unrelated to WinSxS, the dossier C:Windows\Installer is the dossier where the Windows Installer service copies is data to be able to modify or supprimer installé programmes.

5. What roles do Windows Mise à jour play?

Windows mise à jour downloads the fichiers to C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\Télécharger and servicing stack copies the data to WinSxS and tries to créer the hardlinks, if this fails (when the fichiers are encore used), the operation is pending and the mise à jour gets installé at next boot (the configurer Windows mises à jour écran at shutdown and boot).