So it seems, that Microsoft published an update in 2013, introducing some new features into the Windows Update engine, including compression of old files. The TIWorker.exe will start to compress files, but the SFC (System File Checker) detects the modified files and restores them back to how they were, causing the TIWorker.exe to crash (you'll see the Windows Error Reporting in the Gestionnaire des tâches eating all you resources).
It seems, that running la commande suivante on an elevated invite de commandes fixes the issue:
DISM /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth
I can't test it on my machine as J'ai installé my machine from scratch when I encountered that issue, but the approach looks really promising.
The original source mentioning this solution can be found here.