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DNS failing vers propagate worldwide

ayi

I haven’t changed anything related to the DNS entry for <a href="http://serverfault.com" rel="noopener nofollow ugc">serverfault.com</a>, but some users were reporting today that <a href="https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/7070/serverfault-down-how-to-get-into-superuser-beta/7079#7079" rel="noopener nofollow ugc">the serverfault.com DNS fails to resolve for them</a>.
I ran a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130216002155/http://just-ping.com/index.php" rel="noopener nofollow ugc">justping query</a> and I can sort of confirm this – <a href="http://serverfault.com" rel="noopener nofollow ugc">serverfault.com</a> dns appears to be failing to resolve in a handful of countries, for no particular reason that I can discern. (also confirmed via <a href="http://www.whatsmydns.net/" rel="noopener nofollow ugc">What’s My DNS</a> which does some worldwide pings in a similar fashion, so it’s confirmed as an issue by two different sources.)
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Why would this be happening, if I haven’t touched the DNS for <a href="http://serverfault.com" rel="noopener nofollow ugc">serverfault.com</a> ?
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our registrar is (gag) GoDaddy, and I use default DNS settings for the most part without incident. Am I doing something wrong? Have the gods of DNS forsaken me?
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is there anything I can do to fix this? Any way to goose the DNS along, or force the DNS to propagate correctly worldwide?
Update: as of Monday at 3:30 am PST, everything looks correct.. JustPing reports site is reachable from all locations. Thank you for the many very informative responses, I learned a lot and will refer to this Q the next time this happens..
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Source : <a href="https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/7070/serverfault-down-how-to-get-into-superuser-beta/7079#7079" rel="noopener nofollow ugc"></a>.)

ayi_2

This is not directly a DNS problem, it’s a network routing problem between some parts of the internet and the DNS servers for <a href="http://serverfault.com">serverfault.com</a>. Since the nameservers can’t be reached the domain stops resolving.
As far as I can tell the routing problem is on the (Global Crossing?) router with IP address <code>204.245.39.50</code>.
As <a href="https://serverfault.com/questions/42678/dns-failing-to-propagate-worldwide/42686#42686">shown</a> by <a href="https://serverfault.com/users/9503/radius">@radius</a>, packets to ns52 (as used by <a href="http://stackoverflow.com">stackoverflow.com</a>) pass from here to <code>208.109.115.121</code> and from there work correctly. However packets to ns22 go instead to <code>208.109.115.201</code>.
Since those two addresses are both in the same <code>/24</code> and the corresponding BGP announcement is also for a <code>/24</code> this shouldn’t happen.
I’ve done traceroutes via my network which ultimately uses MFN <a href="http://Above.net">Above.net</a> instead of Global Crossing to get to GoDaddy and there’s no sign of any routing trickery below the <code>/24</code> level - both name servers have identical traceroutes from here.
The only times I’ve ever seen something like this it was broken <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Express_Forwarding">Cisco Express Forwarding</a> (CEF). This is a hardware level cache used to accelerate packet routing. Unfortunately just occasionally it gets out of sync with the real routing table, and tries to forward packets via the wrong interface. CEF entries can go down to the <code>/32</code> level even if the underlying routing table entry is for a <code>/24</code>. It’s tricky to find these sorts of problems, but once identified they’re normally easy to fix.
I’ve e-mailed GC and also tried to speak to them, but they won’t create a ticket for non-customers. If any of you are a customer of GC, please try and report this…
UPDATE at 10:38 UTC As Jeff has noted the problem has now cleared. Traceroutes to both servers mentioned above now go via the <code>208.109.115.121</code> next hop.